Communist+China

Communist China 1949 - Current  Kyle, Nicole, and Tanner Communist China has not always been around, before this a man named Henry Pu-Yi ruled. He was the last emperor of china, and ruled from 1906-1967. He lived in the Forbidden City in Beijing aka Peking. During his rule, Dr. Sun Yetsen founded modern china and was the founder of the first chinese republic. Guomindong was the nationalis political party founded by this man. Chaing Kai-Shek was the president of this republic after the death of Sun Yat-Sen. This republic of china was not a real republic it had a dictator that wiped out confucian principles and made a "New Life Movement." The Shanghai Massacre occured in April of 1927 also because of the new rule in China. In this event thousands of protesters were killed and tortured due to fighting communism.

Mao Zedong led the Peoples Liberation Army aka the PLA which was a communist army known as the red army. The Long March, a two year trek for 6,000 miles! In World War II the Japanese invade China and force the Guomindong to unite with the communists and defend themselves against the Japanese. Mao during this era also makes a book of quotes called "Little Red Book," this has quotes from Mao about war thoughts and ideas.Also during Mao's reign, the Great Leap Forward occurs, this is a complete disaster and he ends up killing twenty million people. Korea is another war going on with the USA at this time because of communism. This war divided the country into two sections making North and South Korea, these countries split on the 38th parallel.

An armistice was signed in 1953 between North and South Korea. Tibet was also once free of communism, and now was being taken over by the Chinese the Dalai Lama was a spiritual leader of Tibet and was exiled in India and now lives in the USA. He won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1989. President Nixon ends up visiting Red China, and the USA and China open up diplomatic relations in 1979, ending two decades of hostility between the two countries, trade and travel was opened.Mao Zedong dies on September 9, 1976 and Deng Xiaoping takes over causing many deaths to the chinese, and The Tinanmen Square Massacre on June 4, 1989, where Chinese students demonstrate against the Chinese government. Hongkong is returned to China on July 1, 1997. Then in 2008 the Olympics were held in Beijing after all is restored in the country. "Reform is China's second revolution." -Deng Xiaoping

__**TERMS:**__
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Little Red Book || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] "The Quotations of Chairman Mao" and every citizen was expected to own it, read it, and carry it with them. ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Great Leap Forward || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] A program launched by Mao Zedong to increase farm and industrial output, but it ultimately failed. ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Cultural Revolution || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Mao Zedong's attempt to strengthen the Communist policies over the Chinese people. It resulted in great destruction, loss of life, and was finally called off due to its failure. ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Red Guards || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] The youths who led Mao's Cultural Revolution. Wore red arm bands and carried his book. Terrorized Chinese citizens and determined who went to camps ||


 * Four Modernizations || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Chinese economic reform program that emphasized agriculture, industry, science, and __technology__. ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Tiananmen Square Massacre || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] In 1989, demonstrators peacefully assembled to push for greater democracy in China; when the demonstrators refused to disperse the government sent in troops and tanks. ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Democracy || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Government where the power belongs to the people. ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Totalitarian || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Government that has complete control over its citizens and puts down all opposition. ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Communism || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Political, economic, and social system in which the government controls everything. ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Capitalism || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Economic system based on private ownership of property and business. ||

Communist China- Communism, which is also described as "Revolutionary Proletarian Socialism" or "Marxism," is both a political and economic philosophy. The abridgment of Communism is enclosed in two primary writings Communist China- taught that God was a projection of man's radical alienation: from himself, from his labor, and from a human community cruelly divided by class barriers. Man's salvation, in Marx's view, thus lay within history, in the creation of a mundane utopia whose coming would be hastened when men were no longer bewitched by the false promises of a kingdom to come in the time beyond time. Communist China- The country had little industry. What had existed had been destroyed after so many years of war. Money was valueless. The towns had high unemployment. The countryside was experiencing food shortages; and if the countryside was not producing food, then the cities were bound to be short of food as well. Communist China- Mao was born in Chaochan in Hunan province. He came from a peasant family. As with all peasants living in Nineteenth Century China, his upbringing was hard and he experienced no luxuries. Communist China-The Long March saved Mao Zedong and the Communist Party from the attacks by the Guomingdang. The Long March came about when the Chinese Communists had to flee a concerted Guomingdang attacked that had been ordered by Chiang Kai-shek. Communist China- Chiang Kai-shek was born in 1887 and died in 1975. Chiang Kai-shek was the natural successor to Sun Yat-sen and, alongside Mao, he was to play a fundamental role in China’s history in the Twentieth Century. Communist China- Sun Yat-sen was born in 1867 and died in 1925. Sun was a nationalist revolutionary who believed that the only way for China to move forward in the early 1900's was for the country to become a republic and adopt western ways in industry, agriculture etc. Communist China- The civil war re-started soon after the war against the Japanese was over. Mao had carefully cultivated support in the areas he controlled, whereas, the Guomintang, lead by Chiang Kai-shek, had a different view on how China should be ruled. Communist China- The Red Army was formed after Mao had led his followers into the mountains on the Hunan-Jiangxi border. To start with, the Red Army only numbered 1000 men but by 1928, it stood at 12,000 strong as many peasants came to join Mao.
 * __LINKS:__**
 * __Communist China-__**The rise of Communism in China is largely due to a man named Mao Zedong. He was poorly educated as a child but highly intelligent. Zedong left home and had become a member of the Nationalist Army as the Revolution began around 1911. He was soon introduced to and became powerfully influenced by the philosophies of Marxism.







media type="youtube" key="JgOOsW2PTPA" height="315" width="560" media type="youtube" key="Wd0aW-4mV68" height="315" width="560" media type="custom" key="18571896" __**10 Important People**__ __**1. Mao Zedong- He was the leader of the Communist Party of China from 1949-1976. He led the Peoples Liberation Army know also as the red army.**__ __**2.Chiang Kai Shek- He was the President of Republic of China from 1928-1945 when Mao Zedong took over. Shek took over for Yat-sen.**__ __**3. Dr. Sun-Yat-sen- He was the founder of modern China. It ended 2000 years of Imperial rule.**__ __**4.Henry Pu-yi- He was the last emporer of China. He was the last of the Manchu dynasty. He lived from 1906- 1967.**__ __**5.Dalai Lama- He was the spirtual leader of Tibet. He was exiled from India and lives in the U.S. 1989 Nobel Peace Prize winner.**__ __**6.Richard Nixon- He was the U.S president and opened a diplomatic relationship with China.**__ __**7. Henry Kissinger- He was a U.S. Secratary of State and made a secret trip to China and discussed American and Chinese affairs.**__ __**8. Harry Truman- He was an American President who sent troops in to Korea to stop the spread of communism.**__ __**9. Deng Xiaoping- He was the Premier of China from 1976- 1989 and the successor of Mao Zedong.**__ __**10."Tank Man"- He was an unknown man who stood in front of a tank and it stopped during protests.**__ __**TIMELINE:**__ Establishment of the **People's Republic of China** ||  ||   ||   ||   || Death of Stalin (1953) ||
 * **1949** || "**Liberation**" -- KMT forces retreat to **Taiwan**
 * **1950-1953** || Korean War ||  ||   ||   || McCarthy era in US
 * **1952** || Five-Anti Campaign ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **1956-1960** || Emergence of **"Sino-Soviet Split"** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **1956-57** || **Hundred Flowers** **Campaign** ||  ||   ||   || Khrushchev in power in USSR -- retreat from Stalinism ||
 * **1957-58** || **Anti-Rightist Campaign** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **1958-1959** || **Great Leap Forward** || Widespread famine kills up to 30 million ||  ||   ||   ||
 * **1960-1962** ||  || Era of "retrenchment" -- moderates in control ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **1962-1965** || Socialist Education Campaign || "**Downward transfer**" program relocates millions of "intellectuals" || "Politics in command" of education -- school admissions based on politics || Dominance of moderates Liu Shaoqi and **Deng Xiaoping** || Beginning of US engagement in Vietnam ||
 * **1966-1970** || **Cultural Revolution** || **Red Guards** exercise primary power in provices || Campaign against the "Four Olds" || Rise to dominant power of **Jiang Qing** and PLA chief **Lin Biao** (purge of moderates) || Election of Richard Nixon (1968) -- Henry Kissinger National Security Advisor / Secretary of State ||
 * **1970-1976** || Latter phase of Cultural Revolution || PLA leading social force ||  || Jiang Qing leads "**Gang of Four**" || Final US defeat in Vietnam (1975) ||