Scientific+Revolution+and+Enlightenment

A change in motion is proportional to the motive force impressed and takes place along the straight line in which that force is impressed. — Sir Isaac Newton
 * Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment 1543-1765 **   Kyle, Nicole, and Tanner

The Age of Science of the 1600s and the Enlightenment of the 1700s, also dubbed the Age of Enlightenment, introduced countless new concepts to European society. These ideas continue to evolve into even more new ideas even today. Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist believed that the earth orbited the sun instead of the sun orbiting the earth. With his beliefs and expierements he was tried by the Roman Inquisition on the charge of "Suspect of Heresy." Galileo was found guilty and spent the rest of his life under house arrest. Becasue of his courage his findings have changed the world forever and helped inspire what is now called the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment. He and other scientist have proved what could only be speculated back in their time, and that was that the earth was not the center of the universe no matter how much the church wanted it to be. In 1992 the Pope came out and said sorry for the wrongs done to Galileo.

Nicolaus Copernicus formulated the Heliocentric theory. Copernicus was many things like a mathematician, astronomer, docter, translater, artist, govenor and many many other things. He was nothing short of genius and that is how he came up with the Heliocentric Theory. He had written a ruff draft of a book but was nervous to punlish it fearing that it would upset people. He kept it to himself even though close friends around his told him that he needed to get his works out there. On his death bed is when his final copy of his book was placed in his hands and he died peacefully knowing his work to be finished. His theory stated that the center of the earth is not the center of the universe, but only of gravity and of the moon. Because of his hard work and determination to finally figure out what others may have only wondered about has shaped the world we live in to such an extent that now we can send people into Outer Space.

Sir Isaac Newton developed the principles of modern physics. It is because of him that we now have Caluclus and his laws of physics. His book, "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica," could easily be called one of the most important works of history pertaining to science and math. We now know that an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. We also know that acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object). And also that for every action there is an equal and opposite re-action. Newtons three laws of motion have changed the way that everyone now looks at the world and acts in it as well.

= **Timeline:** = **Key People** __**1.Isaac Newton**__ - English mathematician and physicist who formulated fundamental laws of gravity and motion. __**2.Galileo Galilei**__ - Italian astronomer who supported the sun-centered Copernican model of the solar system, angering the Catholic Church. __**3.Johannes Kepler**__ - German astronomer who discovered laws of planetary motion. __**4.Francis Bacon**__ - English scholar who developed inductive method of reasoning. **__5.Gabriel Farenheit__**- German Physicist discovered the first working thermometer. __**6.Antoine Laviesier**__- Founder of modern chemistry and the nature of combustion. __**7.René Descartes**__ - French mathematician and philosopher who revolutionized algebra and geometry, developed deductive method. __**8.Baruch Spinoza**__ - Dutch-Jewish thinker who questioned many tenets of Judaism and Christianity. __**9.John Comenius**__ - Czech reformer who questioned necessity for war. __**10.Hugo Grotius**__ - Dutch scholar who explored concepts in international relations and outlined laws of “fair” warfare. =**Terms**= __**Salon**__- Informal meeting place where ideas are exchanged. =**Links**= Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment- A discription on the life of Sir Isaac Newton and his discoveries. Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment- A detailed story on the life of Francis Bacon. Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment- A look at Galilei's life and what he did with it. Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment- Sir Francis Drake was an admiral of Queen Elizabeths Navy against the Spanish Armada. Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment- A look into the complicated life of Elizabeth I and how she brought about a golden age. Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment- A look into the age of Enlightenment and what came out of it. Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment- A look at Nicolai Copernicus and his life and what came out of it. Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment- a very brief look into the trials of Galileio's trial. Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment- a look into the life of Kepler and his discoveries. Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment- Quick look into how gravity made its impact on the world.
 * __02/19/1473__-** Nicolaus Copernicus was born on the 19th of February in 1473.He was a mathematician and astronomer who was most known for his theory of a heliocentric universe. This theory of course created a lot of controversy thus beginning the scientific revolution.
 * __01/01/1514__-** Copernicus came up with the theory that the Earth revolved around the sun and not the other way around which was the belief for Copernicus came up with the theory that the Earth revolved around the sun and not the other way around which was the belief for a long time. This theory of heliocentric universe caused some controversy with the church. This new idea of the sun being the center of the universe was wrong by all means according to the church.
 * __01/01/1593__-** While teaching mathematics at the University of Padua, Galileo was presented the problem involving the placement of oars in galleys. He treated the oar as a lever and the water as a fulcrum. This became a model for the pump, which is a device that raised water.
 * __01/01/1608__-** Galileo made improvements to the telescope, the optical instrument used to see into space. It was one of the greatest helps during the Scientific Revolution.
 * __01/01/1616__-** This theory was the first insight into the significance of the shape of the ocean and size and timing of tides.This theory was ultimately a failure.
 * __01/01/1618__-** This 3rd law of planetary motion describes the form and operation of planetary orbits. His laws were refined Copernicus' model. The planetary motion is not a circle, but an ellipse.
 * __01/01/1623__-** Johannes Kepler completed the Rudolphine Tables, which is what Kepler was best known for. It was a table that consisted of a star catalogue and planetary tables that were published by Kepler and data used from Tycho Brahe's observations.
 * __11/18/1661__-**A work written by Robert Boyle, this book is a masterpiece of scientific literature. Boyle's hypothesis was that matter consisted of atoms and clusters of atoms which resulted in collisions of particles in motion.
 * __07/05/1687__-** Sir Isaac Newton presented these three laws in his book.These were the laws that form the basis for classical mechanics. The 3 physical laws describe the relationship between the forces acting on the body and its motion caused by those forces.
 * __03/31/1727__-**The death of Sir Isaac Newton is believed to be the end of the scientific revolution. The book-reading philosophers changed the world into experimental research.
 * __Philosophe__-** Member of a group of Enlightenment thinker who tried to apply the methods of science to the improvement of society. It is French for philosopher.
 * __Scientific Method__-** A method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses.
 * __Baroque__-** Art style characterized by intense emotion, shadows and extravagance.
 * __General Will__-** The wishes of the majority of people. It is what the majority wanted.
 * __Heliocentric Theory__-** Idea that the sun is the center of the solar system.
 * __Liberty__-** Freedom to act in accordance with one's desires**.**
 * __Scientific Revolution__-** A major shift in thinking between 1500 and 1700 in which modern science emerged as a new way of gaining knowledge about the natural world
 * __Geocentric__**- having earth at the center. The Catholic Church thought this and condemned teachings about heliocentric theories.

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