The+Cold+War

The Cold War 1945-1990  Kyle, Nicole, and Tanner

The Cold War began in 1945, this was a period of international tension between the USA and the USSR. All of this began during the Yalta Conference on February 4, 1945. Winston Churchill states one of his most famous quotes of all time, "An iron curtain has descended across the continent." The iron curtain he was referring to would be the communist nations of Europe. During this time there was no definite allies besides USA and USSR. The United Nations was formed in April of 1945 as an international organization to settle world problems and avoid conflicts. Later in the war the Truman Doctrine was issued on March 14, 1947, this stated that the USA would aid any nation going against the communists.

Months after the Truman Doctrine was issued, The Marshall Plan is issued to recover 13 billion dollars in U.S loans toward war-torn Europe. During this war, Berlin as a city is divided east and west east being controlled by the soviets, and the west by the allies. The soviets wanted the allies out of East Berlin so they decide that a blockade around the city not allowing anyone inside will do the trick. The allies come up with the Berlin Air Lift, this is the flying of Allied planes into East Berlin to drop supplies, this involved 200,000 flights and 1.5 million tons of supplies. This war also began a group called the North Atlantic Treaty orginization or NATO, this was a giant alliance that went against communism.

This war was also the first time hydrogen bombs were being tested, these were the strongest atom bombs known to man in this era, and began an arms race. Another type of nuclear missle made was an ICBM these were nuclear missles used to send from one continent to another and set up all over the nation pointed toward soviet russia. This led to the Bay of Pigs incident, also known as the greatest American failure in this war. This was an invasion of Cuba against Castro. The Berlin wall was being built at this time also to keep East Germans from fleeing into West Germany. One major brake for the Americans was the Cuban Missle Crisis, during this the Russians were caught sending missles into Cuba, the Americans got word of this and Krushchev the soviet president agreed to turn ships around. The Cold War then finally ended in 1990. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. //Winston Churchill// (1946)


 * __TERMS:__**
 * ping-pong" diplomacy || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] through an exchange of athletes, Americans visited China for the first time since 1949 ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] EPA || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Environmental Protection Agency; set up to protect nature and human health issues ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] impeach || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] legal process to formally charge an elected official with misconduct in office ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] summit meeting || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] conference between the highest-ranking officials of different nations ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Domino Theory || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Eisenhower's theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] brinksmanship || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] The principle of not backing down in a crisis, even if it meant taking the country to the brink of war. ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] INF treaty || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Reagan and Gorbachev signed this treaty, which provided for the dismantling of all short and medium range nuclear weapons in Russia and all of Europe ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] guerrillas || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] small bands of fighters who weaken the enemy with surprise raids and hit-and-run attacks ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] solidarity || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] Polish trade union created to protest __working__ conditions. It began the opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe. ||
 * [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] glasnost || [[image:http://b.quizlet.com/a/i/spacer.MzUH.gif]] a policy of the Soviet government allowing freer and open discussion of social problems ||

The Cold War- The Cold War was incredibly expensive over its four decades, costing the U.S. eight trillion dollars in military expenditures and over 100,000 lives in Korea and Vietnam. Although the exact figures for the Soviet Union are unknown, they spent a larger percentage of their gross national product on the war, maybe as much as 60 percent. The Cold War- the Yalta agreements were not so much a true compromise as a useful (in the short term) misunderstanding among the three leaders. Stalin left happy he had won Anglo-American acceptance of //de facto// Soviet control of Eastern Europe; Roosevelt and Churchill left happy they had won Stalin's acceptance of the principle of self-determination. The Cold War- We now know, of course, that despite occasional flare-ups, the Cold War never escalated into an apocalyptic World War III. The decades-long standoff between American capitalists and Soviet Communists ended peacefully, with the sudden dismantling, from within, of the Soviet empire after 1989. America prevailed. The Cold War- The "Big Three" allied leaders—American president Franklin Roosevelt, Soviet leader Josef Stalin, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill—meet at the Yalta Conference to make arrangements for the postwar world order. The Cold War- During World War II, Roosevelt met several times with Soviet Premier Josef Stalin, who was an important, if often problematic, ally in the struggle against Nazi Germany. The Cold War- The Cold War began under Truman's watch, as the president came to believe that he must take a hard stance to contain the expansionistic tendencies of the Soviet Union. The Cold War- As a presidential candidate in 1952, Eisenhower promised to institute a more forceful anticommunist foreign policy than that of his predecessor, Democrat Harry S. Truman The Cold War- Stalin's absolute insistence upon Soviet domination of Eastern Europe following the war's end was not entirely without justification; after all, Germany had invaded Russia via Eastern Europe during both World Wars, at a cost of tens of millions of Soviet lives The Cold War- Khrushchev's initial conciliatory stance towards the non-Communist world suggested a possible thawing in the Cold War, but when, in 1960, Soviet forces shot down an American U2 spy plane within Soviet airspace, Khrushchev once again took a hard line against the United States. The Cold War- British voters turned Churchill out of office in 1945, but he carried on in his efforts to build a strong anti-Soviet consensus in the West
 * __LINKS:__**

__**TIMELINE:**__ || ** 1972 ** || February: President Richard Nixon visits China July : SALT I signed || || ** 1973 ** || January : Cease fire in Vietnam between North Vietnam and United States September : U.S. supported coup overthrows Chilean government October : Egypt and Syria attack Israel; Egypt requests Soviet aid || || ** 1974 ** || 1974: August : President Nixon resigns || || ** 1975 ** || April 17 : North Vietnam defeats South Vietnam which falls to Communist forces || || ** 1976 ** || February: Soviet and Cuban forces help to install Communist government in Angola. || || ** 1979 ** || January: U.S. and China establish diplomatic relations. July : SALT II signedNovember : Shah of Iran overthrown; Iranian Hostage Crisis December: Soviet forces invade Afghanistan || || ** 1980 ** || August: Polish shipyard workers strike Solidarity Union formed. Strike leader Lech Walesa is elected as the head of Solidarity || || ** 1983 ** || President Reagan proposes Strategic Defence Initiative 1983: October : U.S. troops invades and overthrows regime in Grenada || || ** 1985 ** || Mikhail Gorbachev becomes leader of the Soviet Union initiating a campaign of openness called "glasnost" and restructuring called "perestroika" || || ** 1986 ** || October : President Reagan and Gorbachev resolve to remove all intermediate nuclear missiles from Europe || || ** 1987 ** || October : Reagan and Gorbachev agree to remove all medium and short-range nuclear missiles || || ** 1989 ** || January : Soviet troops withdraw from Afghanistan June : Poland becomes independent September : Hungary becomes independent November : Berlin Wall is demolished and East Germany allows unrestricted migration to West Germany ||

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10 Most Important People  1. Nikita Khrushchev- He was the Soviet Union leader after Stalin's death from 1953-1964. 2. John F Kennedy- He was the United States President during the Bay of Pigs Incident. 3. Fidel Castro- Overthrew Batista in Cuba and became Communist Dicatator. He is still the dicatator today. 4. Yuri Gagarin- He was an Soviet Union astrounaut. He became the first man in space. 5. Leonid Brezhnev- He replaced Khrushchev as leader of the Soviet Union. 6. Francis Gary Powers- He was flying the U-2 spy plane as it got shot down in Soviet Russia. 7. Dwight D. Eisenhower- Former military general and U.S president in the 1950's. 8. George Kennan- He came up with the Policy of Containment in 1947 relating to Communism. He was know as the "Father of Containment." 9. Ronald Reagan- He was a U.S President in the end of the Cold War. 10. Boris Yelstin- First president of the Russian Republic after the fall of the Soviet Union.



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